Business Succession

    Business succession in Germany

    By the end of 2029 around 545,000 owner-led companies in Germany are looking for a successor — some 109,000 per year. For the first time, more owners are planning to wind down than to hand over in an orderly way. Those who plan early protect jobs and value.

    The starting point: succession figures in Germany

    By the end of 2029, around 545,000 owner-led companies want to arrange a succession — some 109,000 per year. At the same time, roughly 114,000 owners a year are considering withdrawing without any succession solution at all. For the first time, more companies are planning a closure than an orderly handover (source: KfW SME Succession Monitoring 2025). Shortages of skilled staff and of buyers make the situation more acute.

    Routes to succession

    In Germany, too, several routes lead to a handover:

    • family-internal handover (declining);
    • Management Buy-out or Management Buy-in — see MBO vs. MBI;
    • external sale to a strategic buyer or financial investor;
    • partial sale;
    • in individual cases, a foundation solution.

    The right route depends on goals, profitability and the successor situation. If no family solution is possible, see Succession without a family successor.

    Legal and tax specifics in Germany

    On a paid transfer, share deal and asset deal are to be distinguished. If a private individual sells GmbH shares held privately (from a 1 percent stake), the partial income method applies: 60 percent of the gain is taxable, 40 percent is exempt. Details: Selling a GmbH — taxes.

    On a gratuitous transfer (gift or inheritance), inheritance and gift tax applies — here the relief scheme for business assets (§§ 13a, 13b ErbStG) can exempt a large share, provided requirements such as payroll and holding periods are met.

    This guidance is no substitute for tax or legal advice; please involve your tax advisor and lawyer.

    Process and lead time

    Succession is a process spanning years. Several years of lead time increase the chances of an orderly handover and a good price. The phases range from preparation and valuation through the search for a successor and negotiations to the handover.

    In detail: The five phases of an orderly succession.

    Points of contact in Germany

    Key points of contact are the nexxt-change succession exchange (run by BMWK and KfW), the Chambers of Industry and Commerce (IHK) and the Chambers of Skilled Crafts (HWK), as well as KfW with its succession monitoring.

    How IGCP supports you

    IGCP Capital Partners supports owners in Germany independently and discreetly through the entire succession process — from valuation and buyer search to closing.

    Service overview: Business succession services.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    How many companies in Germany are looking for a successor?
    Around 545,000 owner-led companies by the end of 2029 — some 109,000 per year (KfW SME Succession Monitoring 2025).
    What is the relief scheme under §§ 13a, 13b ErbStG?
    It can largely exempt business assets from inheritance and gift tax on transfer by gift or inheritance, provided requirements such as payroll and holding periods are met.
    Does inheritance or gift tax apply on a handover?
    In principle yes on a gratuitous transfer; the relief scheme can substantially reduce the burden. This is guidance, not tax advice.
    Why are so many owners planning to close their business?
    Missing successors, skill shortages and uncertainty; for the first time, planned closures outweigh orderly handovers.
    How early should succession planning start?
    Several years in advance, in order to strengthen value drivers and secure an orderly process.

    If you are considering succession in Germany, talk to us confidentially and without obligation.

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